Join us   Log in   bhuluban@gmail.com  


THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY MEDICINE - Volume 10, Issue 3, July-September 2023

Pages: 5-14

Date of Publication: 05-Nov-2023


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

THE EFFECT OF ANXIETY ON RESILIENCE LEVEL IN MOTHERS OF BABIES EXAMINED FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURE: A REGRESSION STUDY

Author: Gülsün AYRAN, Semra KÖSE, Hamide Nur ÇEVIK ÖZDEMIR, Ahmet Mehmet SOMUNCU

Category: Medical

Abstract:

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of anxiety on resiliency levels in mothers of babies with retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study conducted with mothers who brought their babies to the retinopathy of prematurity examination unit of a university hospital in eastern Turkey between 2021 and December 2022. The study was carried out with 116 mothers meeting the sample inclusion criteria. The study data were collected using the “Question Form,” the “State and Trait Anxiety Scale,” and the “Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.” The data were interpreted using percentage, mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: It was found that the mean STAI-S total score of the mothers was 46.74±13.34 and the mean CD-RISC total score was 70.05±17.63. A statistically significant negative correlation was determined between the anxiety and resilience levels of the mothers of the babies who came for examination. It was determined as a result of multiple regression that birth weight and state anxiety had a statistically significant effect on resilience level.

Conclusions: As anxiety levels increased during retinopathy procedures for premature babies, the resilience levels of mothers decreased.

Keywords: Anxiety, resilience, premature, retinopathy of prematurity

DOI: 10.51546/JSUM.2023.10301

DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.51546/JSUM.2023.10301

References:

  1. Dempsey E, McCreery K. Local anesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011; 7(9): 1-10
  2. Hellström A, Smith LE, Dammann O. Retinopathy of prematurity. The lancet. 2013; 382(9902): 1445-1457.
  3. Augestad LB, Klingenberg O, Fosse P. Braille use among Norwegian children from 1967 to 2007: trends in the underlying causes. Acta ophthalmologica. 2012; 90(5): 428-434.
  4. Fierson WM, Chiang MF, Good W, Phelps D, Reynolds J, Robbins SL. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018; 142(6): 1-9.
  5. Zhang HB, Wang XD, Xu K, Li XG. The progress of prophylactic treatment in retinopathy of prematurity. International Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018; 11(5): 858.
  6. Gopal L, Sharma T, Ramachandran S, Shanmugasundaram R, Asha V. Retinopathy of prematurity: a study. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 1995; 43(2): 59.
  7. Painter SL, Wilkinson AR, Desai P, Goldacre MJ, Patel CK. Incidence and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in England between 1990 and 2011: database study. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015; 99(6): 807-811.
  8. Turkish Guidelines on Retinopathy of Prematurity. Turkish neonatology society and the Turkish Ophthalmology Association, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.turkpediatri.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/premature_retinopatisi_rehberi.pdf
  9. Coats DK. Retinopathy of prematurity: Pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification and screening, 2020. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/retinopathy-of-prematurity-pathogenesis-epidemiology-classification-and-screening.
  10. Vinekar A, Dogra MR, Sangtam T, Narang A, Gupta A. Retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian babies weighing greater than 1250 grams at birth: ten year data from a tertiary care center in a developing country. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2007; 55(5): 331.
  11. Ba? AY, Demirel N, Koc E, I??k D, Hirfano?lu ?M, Tunc T. Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): a prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018; 102: 1711–1716.
  12. Kristoffersen L, Støen R, Bergseng H, et al. Skin?to?skin contact during eye examination did not reduce pain compared to standard care with parental support in preterm infants. Acta Paediatrica. 2019; 108(8): 1434-1440.
  13. Yi?it ?, Ecevit A, Altun Köro?lu Ö. Turkish Neonatal society guideline on the neonatal pain and its management. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics. 2018; 53(1): 161-171.
  14. Dericio?lu V, Butur S, Celiker H, ?ahin Ö. Incidence, Risk Factors and Screening Evaluation of Retinopathy of Prematurity in High Birthweight Infants: A Large Cohort Study in Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2022; 29(1): 78-84.
  15. Dilli D, ?larslan NEÇ, Kabata? EU, Zenciro?lu A, ?im?ek Y, Okumu? N. Oral sucrose and non?nutritive sucking goes some way to reducing pain during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations. Acta paediatrica. 2014; 103(2): e76-e79.
  16. Rush R, Rush S, Ighani F, Anderson B, Irwin M, Naqvi M. The effects of comfort care on the pain response in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 2005; 25(1): 59-62.
  17. Pirelli A, Savant Levet P, Garetti E, et al. Pain Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology. Literature review informs clinical guidelines for pain management during screening and laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatrica. 2019; 108(4): 593-599.
  18. North K, Whelan R, Folger LV. et al. Family Involvement in the Routine Care of Hospitalized Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2022; 150(1): 1-8.
  19. Darlow BA, Gilbert CE, Quiroga AM. Setting up and improving retinopathy of prematurity programs: interaction of neonatology, nursing, and ophthalmology. Clinics in perinatology. 2013; 40(2): 215-227.
  20. Kara C, Özdemir Ö, Petriçli ?S, Acar DE, Tunay ZÖ. Should parents be present during screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity? Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(8): 2134.
  21. Eissler AB, Zwakhalen S, Stoffel L, Hahn S. Systematic review of the effectiveness of involving parents during painful interventions for their preterm infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 2022; 51(1): 6-15.
  22. Griffin T. Family-centered care in the NICU. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing. 2006; 20(1): 98-102.
  23. Sindal MD, Ratna B, Umate M. Commentary: Parental involvement in retinopathy of prematurity care: An individualized approach. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(8): 21-41.
  24. McConkey R, Truesdale-Kennedy M, Chang MY, Jarrah S, Shukri R. The impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International journal of nursing studies. 2005; 45(1): 65-74.
  25. Ghorbani M, Dolatian M, Shams J, Alavi-Majd H, Tavakolian S. Factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and its coping styles in parents of preterm and full-term infants. Global journal of health science. 2014; 6(3): 65.
  26. Xie W, Liang C, Xiang D, Chen F, Wang J. Resilience, anxiety and depression, coping style, social support and their correlation in parents of premature infants undergoing outpatient fundus examination for retinopathy of prematurity. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2021; 26(9): 1091-1099.
  27. Duman NS, Gökten ES, Duman R, Duma R, Çevik SG. Evaluation of depression and anxiety levels in mothers of babies' following due to premature retinopathy. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018; 32(3): 439-443.
  28. Özyurt G, Özyurt A, Ozturk T, Yaman A, Berk AT. Evaluation of maternal attachment, self-efficacy, levels of depression, and anxiety in mothers who have babies diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2018; 25(2): 140-146.
  29. Gargiulo RM. Working with parents of exceptional children: A guide for professionals. Houghton Mifflin School, 1985.
  30. Park J, Moghaddam B. Impact of anxiety on prefrontal cortex encoding of cognitive flexibility. Neuroscience. 2017; 345: 193-202.
  31. Çap?k C. Statistical Power Analysis and It’s Use in Nursing Studies: Basic Information. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 2014; 17(4): 196-205.
  32. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RC, Luschene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Invenntory. Consulting Psychologists Press, California, 1970.
  33. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-Sürekli Kayg? Envanteri El Kitab?. Bo?aziçi Üniversitesi Yay?n?, ?stanbul, 1983.
  34. Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety. 2003; 18: 76-82.
  35. Kara?rmak Ö. "Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample." Psychiatry research. 2010; 179(3): 350-356.
  36. Rennie J, Robertson NRC. A manual of neonatal intensive care (3th ed.). London: Arnold, 2002.
  37. Fidan H, Do?an ?E, Turan Ö, ?nce DA, Ecevit A. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Postnatal Quality of Life and Anxiety Level of Premature Mothers and Motor Performance Level of Term Babies. Health and Society. 2021; 31(1): 84-92.
  38. Akba? M, Emine A, ?eno?lu A, Sürücü ?G. The Analysis of Anxiety and Depression Levels among Parents Whose Newborns were Hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Continuing Medical Education. 2019; 28(2): 87-97.
  39. Tekin F, Kürtüncü M. Newborns’ Hospitalized With Transient Tachypnea’ Of The Newborn, Parents’ Anxiety Level And Affecting Factors. Ac?badem University Health Sciences Journal. 2020; (3): 537-545.
  40. Karabacak Z, Beyda? KD. Psychological Resilience Level of Nurses Working in Pandemic Hospitals and Influencing Factors. Health and Society. 2022; 32(2): 145-151.
  41. Salehnezhad A, Zendetalab H, Naser S. et al. The effect of education based on the health belief model in improving anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2022; 11(1): 1-8.
  42. Dodd Z, Driver S, Warren AM, Riggs S, Clark M. Effects of adult romantic attachment and social support on resilience and depression in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 2015; 21(2): 156-165.
  43. Lee S, Kim S, Young Choi J. Coping and resilience of adolescents with congenital heart disease. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2014; 29(4): 340-346.
  44. Yi-Frazier JP, Yaptangco M, Semana S, Buscaino E, Thompson V, Cochrane K, Tabile M, Alving E, Rosenberg AR. The association of personal resilience with stress, coping, and diabetes outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Variable- and person-focused approaches. Journal of Health Psychology. 2015; 20(9): 1196-1206.
  45. Escarti A, Boronat N, Llopis R, Torres R, Vento M. Pilot study on stress and resilience in families with premature newborns. Anales De Pediatria. 2016; 84(1): 3-9.
  46. Rosenberg AR, Wolfe J, Bradford MC, Shaffer ML, Yi-Frazier JP, Curtis JR, Syrjala KL, Baker KS. Resilience and psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with cancer. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2014; 61(3): 552-557.
  47. Uluda? A, Uluda? A, Ünlüo?lu ?. Determinants of Anxiety among Mothers of Infants in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit: Role of Family Physicians on Coping with the Stressors. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2012; 4(3): 19-26.